See cierman on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "chirm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chirm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "chirmen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"3": "-an#Etymology_1_4",
"t1": "noise"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise”) + -an",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *karmijan; equivalent to ċierm (“noise”) + -an.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ċierman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierman",
"links": [
[
"ċierman",
"cierman#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermenne",
"links": [
[
"ċiermenne",
"ciermenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierme",
"links": [
[
"ċierme",
"cierme#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermest",
"links": [
[
"ċiermest",
"ciermest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermst",
"links": [
[
"ċiermst",
"ciermst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermdest",
"links": [
[
"ċiermdest",
"ciermdest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermeþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermeþ",
"ciermeþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermþ",
"ciermþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermaþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermaþ",
"ciermaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermdon",
"links": [
[
"ċiermdon",
"ciermdon#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierme",
"links": [
[
"ċierme",
"cierme#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermen",
"links": [
[
"ċiermen",
"ciermen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermden",
"links": [
[
"ċiermden",
"ciermden#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierm",
"links": [
[
"ċierm",
"cierm#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermaþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermaþ",
"ciermaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermende",
"links": [
[
"ċiermende",
"ciermende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermed",
"links": [
[
"ċiermed",
"ciermed#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeċiermed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ċirman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early",
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"form": "ċyrman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"form": "ċerman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ċierman"
},
"expansion": "ċierman",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Early West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(Early West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ċierman<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early West Saxon Old English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English terms suffixed with -an",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…",
"ref": "10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8:",
"text": "Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…",
"translation": "I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout"
],
"id": "en-cierman-ang-verb-pUvbHm6Z",
"links": [
[
"chirm",
"chirm"
],
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"West-Saxon",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi͜yr.mɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃi͜yrˠ.mɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cierman"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "chirm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "chirm"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "churm"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "chirmen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*karmijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *karmijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċierm",
"3": "-an#Etymology_1_4",
"t1": "noise"
},
"expansion": "ċierm (“noise”) + -an",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *karmijan; equivalent to ċierm (“noise”) + -an.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ċierman",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierman",
"links": [
[
"ċierman",
"cierman#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermenne",
"links": [
[
"ċiermenne",
"ciermenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierme",
"links": [
[
"ċierme",
"cierme#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermest",
"links": [
[
"ċiermest",
"ciermest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermst",
"links": [
[
"ċiermst",
"ciermst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermdest",
"links": [
[
"ċiermdest",
"ciermdest#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermeþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermeþ",
"ciermeþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermþ",
"ciermþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermaþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermaþ",
"ciermaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermdon",
"links": [
[
"ċiermdon",
"ciermdon#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierme",
"links": [
[
"ċierme",
"cierme#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermde",
"links": [
[
"ċiermde",
"ciermde#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermen",
"links": [
[
"ċiermen",
"ciermen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermden",
"links": [
[
"ċiermden",
"ciermden#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ċierm",
"links": [
[
"ċierm",
"cierm#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermaþ",
"links": [
[
"ċiermaþ",
"ciermaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermende",
"links": [
[
"ċiermende",
"ciermende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ċiermed",
"links": [
[
"ċiermed",
"ciermed#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeċiermed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ċirman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early",
"West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"form": "ċyrman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-West-Saxon"
]
},
{
"form": "ċerman",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Anglian"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ċierman"
},
"expansion": "ċierman",
"name": "ang-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Early West Saxon"
},
"expansion": "(Early West Saxon)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ċierman<w1>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early West Saxon Old English",
"Old English class 1 weak heavy-stem verbs",
"Old English class 1 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English intransitive verbs",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English links with manual fragments",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms suffixed with -an",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
17
]
],
"english": "I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…",
"ref": "10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8:",
"text": "Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…",
"translation": "I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout"
],
"links": [
[
"chirm",
"chirm"
],
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"West-Saxon",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi͜yr.mɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃi͜yrˠ.mɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cierman"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cierman meaning in All languages combined (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.